Definition: A substance that removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents (prevents or delays some types of cell damage)
XVitamin A
XVitamin C
XVitamin E
XCoenzyme Q10
XManganese
XIodide
XCarotenoids
XFlavonoids
Definition: Minerals in the blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge
XCalcium
XChloride
XMagnesium
XPhosphorous
XPotassium
XSodium
Functions:
Xaffects the amount of water in the body
Xaffects the acidity of blood (pH)
Xaffects muscle function and other processes (heart, muscle and nerve cells use electrolytes to maintain voltages across cell membranes and to carry electrical impulses to other cells)
Some substances were wrongly classified as vitamins, which form the gap between the actual B Vitamins. These include:
XVitamin B4 (Choline, Adenine, Carnitine)
XVitamin B8 (adenosine monophosphate – AMP; adenylic acid; inositol)
XVitamin B10 (para-aminobenzoic acid – pABA): a chemical component of folate; used in UV-blocking sunscreen
XVitamin B11 (pteryl-hepta-glutamic acid): a form of folic acid
XVitamin B13: (orotic acid)
XVitamin B14: (cell proliferant; rat growth factor)
XVitamin B15: (pangamic acid)
XVitamin B16: (dimethylglycine – DMG)
XVitamin B17: (nitrosides)
XVitamin B20: (L-carnitine)